RUMUS GENRE OF TEXT
| Genre | Purpose of the Text | Generic Structure | Grammatical Features |
| RECOUNT | To tell/to retell past events for the purpose of informing or entertaining. | · Orientation · Events · Re-orientation | · Specific Participant · Use action verb and past tense (V2, was/were) · Use time connectives: then, after, that, when. |
| NARRATIVE | To entertain/to amuse the readers with a story. | · Orientation · Complication · Resolution · Re-orientation | · Specific Participant · Use action verb and past tense · Use temporal conjunction(once upon a time, then) · Use saying verb |
| SPOOF | To retell an event with a humorous twist. | · Orientation · Events · Twist | · Specific Participant · Use action verb and past tense · Ending with twist(humor/lelucon) |
| DESCRIPTION | To describe a particular person, place or thing. | · Identification · Description | · Specific Participant · Use simple present · Melukiskan sesuatu dengan rinci. |
| REPORT | To describe the way things are (generic). | · General Classification · Description | · Focus on Generic (umum) Participants · Use simple Present · Use action verb |
| PROCEDURE | To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or step. | · Goal · Materials · Step | · Menggunakan kalimat perintah. · Use action verb · Use connectives (than, after that dsb.) · Use simple Present |
| EXPLANATION | To explain the processes involved in the formation or working. | · General Statement · Sequenced Explanation · Closing | · Focus on Generic · Use simple Present · Some use Passive Voice |
| DISCUSSION | To discuss/to present (at least) two point of view about issue. | · Issue · Arguments for · Arguments against · Conclusion | · Focus on Generic · Use mental, material, and relational process. · Use of comparative (on the other hand, however, nevertheless etc.) |
| ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION | To persuade the readers that something is the case. | · Thesis · Arguments · Reiteration | · Focus on Generic · Use mental, material, and relational process. · Use Simple Present |
| HORTATORY EXPOSITION | To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case. | · Thesis/issue · Arguments · recommendation | · Focus on Generic · Use mental, material, and relational process. · Use Simple Present |
| NEWS ITEM | To inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. | · Newsworthy Event · Background Event · Sources | · Informasi singkat tertuang dalam Headline · Use action verb · Use saying verb · Kejadian diterangkan secara urut dan jelas. |
| REVIEW | To critique/to evaluate an art work or event for public audience. | · Orientation · Interpretative recount · Evaluative · Evaluative summation | · Specific Participant · Use simple Present · Use expression · Use elaborating Clause · Use mataphoral (gaya bahasa yang bersifat membandingkan) |
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